E, 2014.Conversion of glycerol over 10 % Ni/Î³-Al2O3 catalyst, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. O., Gispert-guirado, F., Llorca, J., Medina, F., Bonillo, F. Reaction kinetics and mechanism for the gas- and liquid-phase esterification of acetic acid with methanol on tungstated zirconia,, 47(7)(2008): 2221â€“2230. Biodiesel by catalytic reactive distillation powered by metal oxides, Energy &Fuels, 22: 598â€“604. Evaluation of Sulfated aluminas synthesized via the sol-gel method in the esterification of oleic acid with ethanol,, 196(10)(February 2010): 1152â€“1162.įessenden, R. The LC-MS showed that the three produced esters had molecular weights of 300, 420, and 540.Īlvarez, M., Ortiz, M. The % yield was the highest at Hour 24 for both catalysts, while the % conversion fluctuated during the esterification time. The reaction products were analyzed using HPLC, IR, and LC-MS methods.

The esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with glucose used two catalysts, namely 3% SO 4 2-/Al 2O 3 and 5% SO 4 2-/Al 2O 3. The esterification reactions were conducted using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent at a temperature of 100 0C and observed after they lasted for 1 to 24 hours (reaction time). The heterogeneous catalyst, Î³-Al 2O 3/SO 4, was characterized using XRD, XRF, and BET methods. This research examined the performance of a heterogeneous catalyst made of Î³-Al 2O 3 impregnated with a protic acid, H 2SO 4.

The rate of esterification reaction is usually very slow and, therefore, needs an acid catalyst to accelerate it. Based on identification consists of rhizosphere fungi genus Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., And Penicillium sp.Esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with glucose can be expected to produce esters. The results showed that 12 isolates the rhizosphere has the potential to inhibit the growth of fungi fusarium the percentage inhibition ie 82% of isolates A1, B2 D3 by 83% and 80%, A2 isolates the isolates that produce inhibition of the smallest amounting to 15%.

This research method is a rhizosphere fungal activity test against fusarium fungus. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of an antagonist of the rhizosphere fungus to fungus fusarium. Integrated Pest Management (Biological Control) using biological agents, one of which is the rhizosphere that has the ability to suppress the growth of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubense) in vitro. Fusarium wilt disease ranks first in the list of diseases of bananas in Indonesia, fusarium wilt very difficult to control because it has not found a commercial banana cultivars resistant. This disease is systemic, it is very dangerous because it can kill plants. The main cause of decline in banana production is fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense (Foc).

Dasar dasar kimia organik fessenden pdf